Samstag, 4. Oktober 2008
Wider den verzweifelten Fanatiker!
Oz, Amos 1991 (1987): Black Box. Roman. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp Taschenbuch, 341 S.
Amos Oz hat dieses eingängige Buch über die gescheiterte Beziehung zweier Menschen 1987 geschrieben; damit in einer Zeit, die mir von der Erfahrung wie von lokal-historischer Kenntnis fremd ist. Aber es gibt gute Gründe, das Buch zu lesen!
Im Mittelpunkt steht ein international renommierter Gelehrter, Alexander A. Gideon, der mit einem Werk über Fanatismus für Furore sorgte. Gemeinsam mit Ex-Frau Ilana macht er sich in der Form von offenbarenden Briefwechseln daran, die der Flugzeugmechanik entlehnte 'Black Box' ihrer Beziehung zu analysieren. Dabei landen ebenfalls im Briefkasten: der neue Ehemann der letzteren, Michel Sommo, ein arabischstämmiger gläubiger Jude, der gemeinsame Sohn Boas, ein zuerst gewalttätiger, dann sich mit eigenen, starren Moralismus ablehnenden Prinzipien (Arbeiten, Glück im eigenen Leben) versehenden Kommunegründer, aber auch der Rechtsanwalt und Vermögensverwalter Gideons, Manfred Sackheim.
Warum sollte ich ein Buch lesen, das mir auch für meine biographischen Anforderungen nichts mit an die Hand gibt, mich eigentlich gar nicht tangiert? Amos Oz greift zum einen universalistische Themen der Beziehungen zwischen zwei Menschen und ihrem Umfeld, zwischen Glaubensbekenntnissen und Ordnungsvorstellungen, zwischen Generationen auf; aber auch das ganz eigene Problem Israels, dass nämlich mehr Juden in der Diaspora als im gelobten Land an sich leben und die daraus resultierende Spannung um die Erlösunga, die Bedeutung des Landes für die Juden, rückt ins Zentrum des Textes; es ist mit George Steiner ein Buch, dass sich im Grunde um Israel bewegt. Aber auch der Stil ist, wenn nicht innovativ, so doch eingängig, geschrieben in fein verwobenen Briefwechseln, die den LeserInnen durch die Erzählweise genügend Einblick in die Geschichte geben und doch Raum für eigene Mutmaßungen über die Charaktere lassen.
Der Briefwechsel beginnt mit einem Schreiben von Ilana Sommo an ihren ehemaligen und sehr vermögenden Mann Alexander Gideon mit der Bitte um Unterstützung für den gemeinsamen Sohn Boas, der verhaltensauffällig von einer Bildungseinrichtung nach der anderen verwiesen wird. Dabei wird das Schweigen nach sieben Jahren (!) gebrochen, unerhört schnell und unerhört unterwürfig, Ilana bietet sich ihrem ehemaligen Mann halb wiederwillig, halb sehnsüchtig an; eine erotische Spannung wird den Roman weiterhin durchziehen, sie zehrt sich aus der Retrospektive, aus den gegenseiten Vorwürfen und Machtkämpfen. Michel Sommo tritt für Boas ein, bringt ihn zur Ruhe und in einer weiteren Bildungseinrichtung unter, nicht ohne aber von der Moral zu lassen, die bis zum Ende seine Briefe dominiert und auch eben den Widerstand von Alexander Gideon als auch Boas provoziert. Letzterer erkennt den schaffenden Menschen in Michel durchaus an, er verbittet sich lediglich die vielen Predigten.
Der Konflikt zwischen Alexander und Michel ist für mich als politischen Leser der entscheidende. Denn hier steht sich der Autor eine vergleichenden Geschichte des Fanatismus einem bekehrten und nun missionierenden Juden gegenüber, der mit allen Mitteln Ländereien im Westjordanland (u.a. Hebron) von den Arabern aufkauft, um das Großreich Israel wieder herzustellen. Und mit wessen Geld? Mit Alexanders Geld, von ihm erbeten, werden Immobiliengeschäfte angeschoben und zugleich noch Michels politische Karriere, für die er seine bis dahin eher kümmerliche (aber dafür doch glückseligere) Existenz als Französischlehrer aufgibt. Die Überlegungen Gideons lesen sich wie ein Folie für die Handlungen und Denkweisen Michels. Die Grundthese des fiktiven Bestsellers: Menschen hängen aus mangelndem Selbstwertgefühl einer beliebigen Idee an, die sie bis zur eigenen Selbstaufgabe in ihrer Gesellschaft auch um den Preis von Toten und Unterdrückten durchsetzen. Es ist dieser Eifer um die Errettung, der "Erlösungswahn", der die menschliche Spezies zur Auschlöschung treibt (304). Nichts anderes als mangelnde elementare Lebensunfähigkeit wird durch diese Selbstaufgabe, die Beschäftigung mit seinen Angelegenheiten und Eigenheiten überdeckt. Und während Alexander in einem ausführlichen Brief dies gegen Michels fromme Predigten, gegen dessen Moralismus und Mahnung konfrontiert, weist er ihn gleichzeitig auf dessen gemeinsames Kind mit Ilana hin, das viel eher als ein blutbesudelter "verborgener Glorienschein" das Leben lohnt. Und so kehrt erklärt sich auch Boas Betonung der Arbeit (auf dem Grundstück des Vaters Gideon, dass dieser ihm überlässt und wo er eine Kommune gründet) und die Erfüllung des Glücks im eigenen Leben.
Wider dem Fanatismus bleibt vor den aktuellen Ereignissen eine akute Forderung und das Wieder-Erlesen von Amos Oz eine kurzweilige und in diesem Sinne instrumentalisierbare Lektüre. Damit gab mir das Buch wertvolle Denkanstöße als politischen, als ideengeschichtlichen, als theoretischen aber auch als erfahrenden Leser.
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